2 | RISING REPRESSION MEETS GLOBAL RESISTANCE: INTERNET SHUTDOWNS IN 2025 The #KeepItOn campaign unites and organizes global organizations and efforts to end internet shutdowns. The campaign was launched by a coalition of about 70 organizations in 2016 at RightsCon Silicon Valley in San Francisco. Membership of the coalition has since increased rapidly to more than 366 members from 106 countries around the world ranging from civil society and human rights advocacy groups, to research centers, detection networks, foundations, and media organizations. This report is a publication of Access Now for the #KeepItOn coalition and was written by Zach Rosson and Felicia Anthonio, in collaboration with the Access Now team. The authors would like to especially thank Bridget Andere, Darika Bamrungchok, Giulio Coppi, Michael De Dora, Marwa Fatafta, Amina Khan, Marcel Kolaja, Natalia Krapiva, Méabh Maguire, Peter Micek, Kassem Mnejja, Wai Phyo Myint, Faiz Naeem, Laura O’Brien, Naro Omo-Osagie, Milica Pandžić, Gaspar Pisanu, Alexia Skok, and Anastasiya Zhyrmont for their contributions. We would also like to thank 7amleh, Afghanistan Democracy and Development Organization, Afia-Amani Grands-Lacs, Athan, Bloggers Association of Kenya (BAKE), Bytes for All, Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA), Cloudflare, Conexion Segura y Libre, Digital Rights Foundation, Digital Rights Kashmir, Digital Rights Nepal, Digitally Right, EG Justice, Gisa Group, Initiative for Embracing Humanity in Africa (IEHA), Internet Outage Detection and Analysis (IODA), IPANDETEC, Internet Protection Society, Internet Society (ISOC), ISOC Togo, Kentik, Libyan Crimes Watch, Miaan Group, Myanmar Internet Project, Na Svyazi, Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI), Paradigm Initiative, SMEX, Software Freedom Law Centre India (SFLC.in), Tech Media Convergency, Yodet, Zaina Foundation, and other members of the #KeepItOn coalition for providing valuable information and insights, reviewing data and sources, and contributing to the report. Any errors, misrepresentations, or inaccuracies are ours alone, and we welcome your feedback. Edited by Donna Wentworth Design and data visualization by Loren Giordano A note on our data This #KeepItOn report looks at incidents of internet shutdowns documented by Access Now and the #KeepItOn coalition in 2025. While we try to build a comprehensive dataset, our data relies on technical measurement as well as contextual information, such as news reports or personal accounts. The constraints of our methodology mean that there may be cases of internet shutdowns that have gone unreported, and numbers are likely to change if and when new information becomes available after publication. In 2025, we gained insight into shutdowns from previous years and we added these to the dataset retroactively; documentation of these changes can be found at https://accessnow.org/keepiton-dataspreadsheet. Our dataset and dashboard can be accessed at https://accessnow.org/ keepiton-data. All data below reflects the most up-to-date information as of publication. Visit https://accessnow.org/keepiton-data-methodology for the latest information on our methodology and commonly asked questions. March 2026