II. International Legal Framework and Analysis 72 Model Manufacturer Type Description Events F-7IIK (J-7) Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation, a subsidiary of AVIC246 Fighter Chinese-built MiG-21 variant. Single-engine, lightweight interceptor fighter capable of air-to-air combat and limited ground attack.247 On June 10, 2025, a resistance group, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), claimed that they shot down a Myanmar junta’s F-7 in Sa Par Sayt village, Pale Township, Sagaing Region, while the Myanmar state media blamed engine failure. Myanmar Witness open-source analysis confirmed the wreckage as a Chinesemanufactured Chengdu F-7 fighter jet.248 Jiangxi Hongdu Aviation Industry Group, a subsidiary of AVIC (jointly manufactured with Pakistan Aeronautical Complex)249 Light Attack Originally designed as a two-seat trainer, the K-8 jets (including later K-8W variants) are light attack aircraft capable of carrying bombs, rockets, and a 23mm cannon pod.250 Myanmar first received 12 K-8 jets in 1998-1999, around 50 in 2010, and six K-8W, an improved variant, in 2015.251 On November 11, 2023, the Karenni forces shot down one of the junta’s K-8W fighter jets in Hpruso Township, Karenni State.253 Hongdu JL-8 (exported as K-8W) Ground Attack Reconnaissance Trainer During the 74th anniversary of the Myanmar Air Force on December 15, 2021, the state media, Myanmar Radio and Television Broadcasting, reported that K-8W aircraft are produced at Military Heavy Industry No. 10 in Meiktila under license from the CATIC.252 246 Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, “Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group,” website, https://www.businesshumanrights.org/en/companies/chengdu-aircraft-industry-group/. See also, Justice for Myanmar, #Airbusted, pp. 1718. 247 Airforce Technology, “J-7 / F-7 Fighter Aircraft,” July 17, 2020, website, https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/ j7f7fighteraircraft/?cf-view. 248 Centre for Information Resilience (Myanmar Witness), “MAF F-7 Aircraft Crashes in Pale, Sagaing,” June 16, 2025, website, https://www.info-res.org/reports/maf-f-7-aircraft-crashes-in-pale-sagaing/. 249 Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, “Jiangxi Hongdu Aviation Industry Group Co Ltd,” website, https://www. business-humanrights.org/en/companies/jiangxi-hongdu-aviation-industry-group-co-ltd/. See also, Justice for Myanmar, #Airbusted, pp. 13-15. 250 Centre for Information Resilience (Myanmar Witness), “K-8,” website, https://www.info-res.org/myanmar-witness/ guides/k-8. 251 Ibid.; Arms and Security Initiative at the New America Foundation, Deadly Traffic: China’s Arms Trade with the Sudan, August 01, 2008, https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/92130/080606PBChinaArmsTrade.pdf, p. 2; “Burma Buys 50 Fighter Jets From China,” The Irrawaddy, June 15, 2010, https://www2.irrawaddy.com/article.php?art_id=18726. See also, “缅甸 空军服役6架中国造K-8新机 [Six New Chinese-Made K-8 Aircraft Enters the Service of the Myanmar Air Force,” Huanqiu, February 28, 2015, https://m.huanqiu.com/gallery/9CaKrnQhbN4. 252 “တပ််မတော်�်�(လေ�)၏ ဖွဲ့့��စည်းး�တည််ထော�ာင််မှု(ု ၇၄)နှှစ်မြော�� ် ာက်် နှှစ်ပတ် ် လ ် ည််နေ့့� အခမ်းး�အနား�းနှှင့် �် လေ�ယာာဉ်၊ ရဟတ််ယာာဉ်များ�း� တပ််တော်�်�ဝင််အခမ်းး�အနား�း ကျျင်းး�ပ [The 74th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Tatmadaw (Air Force) and the Induction Ceremony of Aircraft and Helicopters were Held],” MRTV, December 15, 2021, https://mrtv.gov.mm/mm/news-132830; Myanmar Defense & Security Institute, Changes and Adaptations in Command, Control and Strategic Aerial Operations of the Junta’s Air Force, p. 8. 253 Nayt Thit, “Thirteen Myanmar Junta Aircraft Shot Down Since Coup,” The Irrawaddy, July 5, 2025, https://www. irrawaddy.com/news/war-against-the-junta/thirteen-myanmar-junta-aircraft-shot-down-since-coup.html.

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