students. Private education can cost up to $3,000 per year compared to $150 per year at public universities. To understand the needs of the ICT labour market, collaboration between relevant Government ministries and private sector ICT companies will be required. This involves assessing desired qualifications and expanding opportunities for students to practically apply their knowledge in real-world settings such as business case competitions, or software development events such as ‘hackathons’. Health Services Organisations in Myanmar are beginning to utilise ICTs, particularly mobile technology, to provide health services. Mobile health (mHealth) applications can be used for remote data collection or monitoring of patients, facilitating information exchange between health care providers, tracking diseases and epidemics. 191 The potential of mobile includes improved access to information for patients and providers, as well as reduced costs. 192 Ooredoo Myanmar, through a partnership with Population Services International Myanmar and Koe Koe Tech, has launched the ‘May May’ (Mummy) Android app for pregnant women. The application allows users to receive weekly health notifications and locate doctors nearby. The app also includes an optional social component, through Facebook connectivity. Telenor Myanmar has also partnered with Marie Stopes International Myanmar to launch future mHealth services. 193 In September 2013, core members of the Ministry of Health’s national team were trained on DHIS2 194 , a powerful free software program for aggregating and analysing health information. 195 Myanmar currently lacks legislated standards around data collection, data privacy, and data protection. As mHealth programs expand, data collection and privacy will be a major concern, particularly with at risk communities where social stigma exists. Examples of these communities may include men who have sex with men, female sex workers, or other sensitive patient populations such as those with HIV/AIDs. The disclosure of these patients’ health information or a data breach could result in harassment, violence, or discrimination. This could further exacerbate challenges surrounding health outreach to these populations. While mHealth programs are powerful tools for disseminating health information and connecting patients with healthcare professionals, mHealth applications must be adapted for use by ethnic minorities so they can access health information in their local language. Health care providers have typically relied on local health staff to translate local health 191 See United Nations Foundation, Vodafone Foundation “mHealth for Development: The Oppurtunity of Mobile Technology for Healthcare in the Developing World” (2011), pg 9. 192 See McKinsey & Co, “mHealth: A new vision for healthcare” (2012) and BCG Perspectives “The Socioeconomic Impact of Mobile Health” (29 May 2012). 193 See Telenor “Telenor and Marie Stopes announce joint mHealth initiative in Myanmar” (28 July 2014). 194 Department of Health Planning, Ministry of Health, “eHealth in Myanmar” (December 2013) 195 For an overview of DHIS2, please visit https://www.dhis2.org/overview. CHAPTER 3: SECTOR-LEVEL IMPACTS 111 3