ENDNOTES 9  Sethuraman, R. Vallmitjana, J. & Levin, J. (2019, May) Using Surveys to Make News Feed More Personal, Facebook Newsroom. https:// newsroom.fb.com/news/2019/05/more-personalized-experiences/ 1  Wardle, C & H. Derakshan (2017, October). Information Disorder: An interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy for the Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/information-disorder-toward-aninterdisciplinary-framework-for-researc/168076277c  10  Scacco, J.M. & Muddiman, A. (2016, August) Investigating the Influence of Clickbait Headlines, Engaging News Project, University of Texas, Austin. http://mediaengagement.org/wp-content/ uploads/2016/08/ENP-Investigating-the-Influence-of-Clickbait-NewsHeadlines.pdf 2  Lyons, T. (2018, June) Hard Questions: How Is Facebook’s Fact-Checking Program Working?, Facebook Newsroom. https://newsroom.fb.com/ news/2018/06/hard-questions-fact-checking/ 3  Sénécat, A. (2017, April), Macron et les « mains sales » des ouvriers : l’intox qui a entaché l’image du candidat, Le Monde. https://www. lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2017/04/27/macron-et-les-mains-salesdes-ouvriers-l-intox-qui-a-entache-l-image-du-candidat_5118677_4355770. html? 4  e Garofi, (2016, June) Emmanuel Macron : “Quand je serre la main d’un L pauvre, je me sens sale pour toute la journée”. http://www.legorafi. fr/2016/06/01/emmanuel-macron-quand-je-serre-la-main-dun-pauvre-je-mesens-sale-pour-toute-la-journee/ 5  thel Rudnitzki (2019, February), Perfis de paródia se organizam no Twitter E em apoio a Bolsonaro e contra a imprensa, Apublica. https://apublica. org/2019/02/apos-exclusao-de-contas-perfis-de-parodia-se-organizam-notwitter-em-apoio-a-bolsonaro-e-contra-a-imprensa/ 6  von, D. (2019, July), Did a Georgia Lawmaker Claim a Chick-fil-A E Employee Told Her to Go Back to Her Country?, Snopes. https://www. snopes.com/fact-check/georgia-lawmaker-go-back-claim/ 7  Saslow, E. (2018, November) ‘Nothing on this page is real’: How lies become truth in online America, Washington Post. https://www. washingtonpost.com/national/nothing-on-this-page-is-real-how-liesbecome-truth-in-online-america/2018/11/17/edd44cc8-e85a-11e8-bbdb72fdbf9d4fed_story.html 8  eamicisaug, C. (2014, August) Facebook shifts its algorithm to fight D clickbait. Will it kill off Upworthy and Buzzfeed?, Gigaom. https://gigaom. com/2014/08/25/facebook-shifts-its-algorithm-to-fight-clickbait-will-it-killoff-upworthy-and-buzzfeed/ 11  Knight Foundation (September 2018) Indicators of News Media Trust. https://knightfoundation.org/reports/indicators-of-news-media-trust 12  https://web.archive.org/web/20190906154845/https://www.nytimes. com/2018/08/22/magazine/trump-remaking-courts-judiciary.html 13 http://web.archive.org/web/20190906164240/https://www.theguardian. com/uk-news/2017/nov/14/how-a-russian-troll-soldier-stirred-anger-afterthe-westminster-attack 14  http://web.archive.org/web/20190906164438/https://twitter.com/ joseiswriting/status/1006397160622055429?lang=en 15  https://twitter.com/luigi_scuotto/status/709134243121778689 16  http://web.archive.org/web/20190906164857/https://www. buzzfeednews.com/article/janelytvynenko/elections-officials-askedtwitter-to-remove-a-video-falsely 17  http://web.archive.org/web/20190906163652/https://b3ta.com/ board/11227991 18  http://web.archive.org/web/20190906161716/https://twitter.com/ bbcafrica/status/890997428224225280?lang=en 19 http://web.archive.org/web/20190906161836/https://twitter.com/ nowthisnews/status/785278756558610433?lang=en 20  http://web.archive.org/web/20190906162754/https://twitter.com/ nowthisnews/status/785278756558610433?lang=en 21 http://web.archive.org/web/20190906162919/https://twitter.com/ moniqueomadan/status/965955579972870144 22  http://web.archive.org/web/20190906163035/https://twitter.com/ harrisalexc/status/963984304333295616?lang=en 58 I N F O R M AT I O N D I S O R D E R 59

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