In 2017, a sophisticated imposter version of Le Soir in Belgium emerged claiming that Macron was being funded by Saudi Arabia. So sophisticated was it that all the hyperlinks in this version took you to the real Le Soir site. An imposter site posing as Belgian newspaper Le Soir was particularly sophisticated because all of their links directed users to the real Le Soir site. The imposter site has been taken down but the original reporting on the site is available on the CrossCheck France website. Archived on September 6 2019.20 38 I N F O R M AT I O N D I S O R D E R The Parkland, Florida, shooting in February 2018 was the backdrop for two very worrying techniques emerging around this category of imposter content. The first involved someone taking a Miami Herald story and photoshopping in another paragraph (suggesting that another school had received threats of a similar shooting), screenshotting that and then circulating on Snapchat. Someone photoshopped a new paragraph into a Miami Herald story to make it appear like additional schools were receiving threats of shootings when they were not. Archived on September 6 2019.21 Screenshot by author. IMPOSTER CONTENT 39

Select target paragraph3