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List of References CSO, UNDP and World Bank (2017). Myanmar Living Conditions Survey 2017: Key Indicators Report. Available at: https://monp.gov.mm/sites/default/files/upload_pdf/2020/08/KI_MLCS_English_ Final.pdf MIMU. 2014 Myanmar Census Dashboard. Myanmar Information Management Unit. Available at: https://themimu.info/Census_2014_SR_dashboard OPHI (2026). National MPI and Policy. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. Available at: https://ophi.org.uk/national-mpi-and-policy OPHI (2026). The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. Available at: https://ophi.org.uk/global-mpi UNDP (2010). Human Development Report 2010: The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development. United Nations Development Programme. UNDP (2025). A Generation on Hold: Youth Employment and Education. United Nations Development Programme. Available at: https://www.undp.org/asia-pacific/publications/generation-hold UNDP (2025). Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), Overlapping Hardships: Poverty and Climate Hazards. United Nations Development Programme. Available at: https://hdr.undp.org/ content/2025-global-multidimensional-poverty-index-mpi#/indicies/MPI UNDP (2025). Urban Poverty: Unpacking Yangon. United Nations Development Programme. Available at: https://www.undp.org/asia-pacific/publications/urban-poverty-unpacking-yangon UNDP (2026). Human Development Index (HDI). United Nations Development Programme. Available at: https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI UNDP & UN WOMEN (2026). Uneven Burdens: Women in Myanmar’s Crisis Economy. United Nations Development Programme. Available at: https://www.undp.org/asia-pacific/publications/unevenburdens UNESCO, UNDP, IOM and UN-Habitat. Overview of Internal Migration in Myanmar. Overview of Internal Migration in Myanmar. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, United Nations Development Programme, International Organization for Migration, and United Nations Human Settlement Programme. Available at: https://themimu.info/sites/themimu.info/ files/documents/Report_Overview_of_Internal_Migration_in_Myanmar_UNESCAP.pdf 50 LAYERS OF DEP RIVATION : Mu ltid im e n s io n a l Pov er t y i n M y a n m a r

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Layers of Deprivation: Multidimensional Poverty in Myanmar

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Topic

Military Coup

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UNDP

Date Published: Oct 8, 2026

Abstract: Layers of Deprivation: Multidimensional Poverty in Myanmar provides a new picture of poverty that looks beyond income to examine overlapping deprivations in health, education and living standards.

The report finds that 32.6 percent of Myanmar’s population, approximately 17.9 million people, are multidimensionally poor, while a further 19.5 million are vulnerable to multidimensional poverty. Together, more than two-thirds of the population are either poor or at risk. Health and living standards account for more than 80 percent of multidimensional poverty, reflecting households’ challenges in accessing healthcare, adequate housing, clean water, sanitation and other essential services.

Drawing on nationwide household data, the report shows how poverty varies substantially across locations and population groups, and how structural disadvantages interact with conflict, displacement and repeated shocks. By examining not only where poverty is concentrated, but also its depth and composition, the report provides an evidence base for more targeted approaches to recovery, resilience and poverty reduction.

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Layers of Deprivation: Multidimensional Poverty in Myanmar

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