Figure 9 MPI score by employment types of household head Figure 9. MPI score by employment type of household head MPI score by employment category compared with the national level MPI score (H × A) 0.228 National MPI: 0.150 0.127 0.098 0.085 Casual worker Own-account Employee Employer Source: PPS 2025 (UNDP) Education as a structural divider Education of the household head strongly differentiates poverty outcomes. Figure 7 shows no formal education and primary education as distinct groups, though their poverty levels are nearly identical: both record headcounts close to 44 percent and a score of around 0.211, more than double that of households headed by someone with higher education (MPI score 0.089). This nearequivalence suggests that even one level of formal schooling provides little protective effect against multidimensional poverty when it remains at primary level only. Figure 10 illustrates the gradient directly: the MPI score drops sharply only from middle education onward. Households headed by someone with only Poverty declines markedly with middle primary education are nearly as likely to education (MPI score 0.123). Education's role is structural: it shapes livelihood be multidimensionally poor as those with options, access to information and no education at all. One level of schooling, services, and capacity to navigate shocks without further investment, provides almost across generations. Where educational attainment is low, the structural trap is no protection against poverty in Myanmar hardest to escape. today. 32 LAYERS OF DEP RIVATION : Mu ltid im e n s io n a l Pov er t y i n M y a n m a r