3/4/22, 1:38 PM Managing a digital revolution: cyber security capacity building in Myanmar - Routledge Companion to Global Cyber-Security Strategy engage in cooperation between Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs). There are some regional initiatives enabling this, such as the APCERT which covers the Asia-Pacific Region and where Myanmar is a member. This is a positive, both for the development of capabilities within countries and to foster cooperation and information-sharing between countries and national CERTs. While Myanmar participates in APCERT, as well as some bilateral capacity building programs with India and Singapore, among others, the country has not so far engaged other countries beyond capacity-building programs (ASPI, 2017). In the midst of a democratic transition, Myanmar is trying to utilize ICT and digital technologies to jump-start its development. The potential for ICT to do so is great, but so are the risks inherent in connecting to the Internet. Due to its fragile political state, turbulent regional politics, and fraught social cohesion, Myanmar faces a set of unique challenges. Building cyber security is paramount to avoid a scenario wherein digital technologies act as a catalyst of destructive forces, and not as a vehicle for development. Expanding and developing cyber security capabilities should therefore be a priority as key financial and governmental functions are moved online, otherwise the digitalization of Myanmar risks being a curse disguised as a blessing. Notes 1 This chapter builds on fieldwork in Myanmar in 2016 and 2017 and further develops findings from a NUPl-policy brief and working paper: Managing a digital revolution — Cyber Security Capacity Building in Myanmar (2018). 2 In wireless and household Internet penetration. 3 Rogue states and countries in the Global South become hosts to outlaw servers, so-called “bulletproof hosting.” The hosts of these servers operate beyond the reach of most law enforcers, and make cybercrime possible elsewhere (Schia, 2018: 826). 4 For more about this see, capacity/content/cmm-assessments- www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/cybersecurityaround-world, https://ebrary.net/173520/political_science/managing_digital_revolution_cyber_security_capacity_building_myanmar#aftercont and 15/19